Menisci are cartilage structures located in the knee, which act as cushions between the femur and tibia. Meniscal injuries are common and often stem from trauma or degenerative processes.
This time, we’ll explore the different types of meniscal injuries and meniscus tears, so you can better understand this condition and how to treat it properly. Keep reading to discover everything you need to know about types of meniscal injuries and how they affect the knee!
General Classification of Meniscal Injuries
Meniscal injuries can be classified into two main categories: traumatic and degenerative. We’ll detail each of them below.
Traumatic Meniscal Injuries
These injuries are usually the result of a sudden movement or direct blow to the knee. They often occur in people engaged in contact sports or activities requiring rapid changes in direction. Traumatic meniscal injuries are commonly associated with other knee injuries, such as torn cruciate ligaments.
Degenerative Meniscal Injuries
Degenerative meniscal injuries occur due to the wearing down of the meniscus over time. This type of injury is more common in older individuals and may result from repetitive activities that exert pressure on the knee. In most cases, degenerative meniscal injuries are not related to a specific traumatic event.
Types of Meniscus Tears
Meniscus tears can vary in shape and size, with some of the most common types being:
Vertical or Longitudinal Tear
This tear occurs along the length of the meniscus. Longitudinal tears can develop into bucket-handle tears if not promptly treated.
Bucket-Handle Tear
A bucket-handle tear occurs when a longitudinal tear displaces, causing the meniscus to take on the shape of a bucket handle. Bucket-handle tears can cause locking or instability in the knee.
Horizontal or "Fishtail" Tear
A horizontal tear divides the meniscus into upper and lower parts. This type of tear is more common in degenerative meniscal injuries.
Radial Tears
Radial tears occur from the free edge of the meniscus towards the center. This type of tear can significantly limit the meniscus’s ability to function as a cushion.
Oblique Tears
Also known as “gull-wing” tears, oblique tears are a combination of longitudinal and transverse tears.
Pedicular Tears
Pedicular tears occur in the peripheral zone of the meniscus, right where the meniscus attaches to the knee capsule. This type of tear may cause pain but rarely results in knee locking.
Each type of meniscus tear has unique implications for treatment and recovery, so it’s important to obtain an accurate diagnosis to ensure the best possible outcome.
