No person is exempt from the risk of falling, but over the years and especially when you reach old age, the ability to maintain a good balance progressively decreases, especially in those adults who do not exercise regularly, either due to the loss of muscle mass, strength or other factors that we will mention later.
A fall in older people has worse consequences than a young one, both for them, since their bones are weakening and recovery can be more complicated, and for those around them who have to take care of them.
The prevention of a fall is possible and is a matter that not only concerns the elderly but also their families and caregivers. According to the European Network for Safety among the Elderly (EUNESE), it is possible to reduce these injuries by 38%, thus improving quality of life and safety in the elderly.
There are two types of risk factors: on the one hand, those intrinsic factors that are related to the patient himself, such as: excesses of medications, some condition such as deterioration in mobility, vision, cognitive problems, etc. and, on the other hand, extrinsic factors that are related to the environment or what surrounds the patient such as: lighting problems, slippery floors, improper footwear, etc.
Some tips to prevent falls at home are:
It is important to mention that about 80% of falls in older adults occur at home and about 20% of them can have some serious consequence, which can be physical or psychological, for this reason it is important to take actions such as:
Avoid mobile carpets.
Have adequate lighting, especially at night.
Avoid slippers in which the foot potentially slips.
Wear firm and comfortable shoes.
Evaluate the need to install grab bars in bathrooms and hallways.
Prevent furniture or appliances from blocking the corridors.
Avoid the use of stairs if possible.
Eliminate elements that may hinder or limit the adult's mobility.
Place rubber mats in the bathtub.
How to reduce the risk of falls due to adult factors
We know that over the years, suffering from diseases, reduced mobility or vision and other factors can increase the probability that an adult will suffer a fall and although in many cases it is inevitable, certain actions can be taken to reduce the risk.
It is important to have a medical check-up, knowing the state of physical and mental health will help to take action if necessary. With this medical visit, the doctor can get an idea of the risk factors we have and identify specific strategies to prevent falls. In addition, at the appointment you can also ask them to evaluate our muscle strength, balance and walking style.
It is also important to:
Exercise within the possibilities of each patient. Including strength, balance and flexibility exercises.
Wear suitable shoes.
Maintain a good diet and hydration.
Use a cane or walker.
Follow medical directions, especially with medications to be taken.
In case of suffering from a specific condition, have the necessary elements to reduce falls.
If possible and if the elderly person lives alone and has reduced mobility or vision problems, have daily support.
Although there are patients who, due to their health conditions, need more exhaustive care, we must always try to ensure that they retain as much independence and autonomy as possible.
The aim is to ensure patient safety, while improving their self-esteem, mood and quality of life. In this way, we will avoid a sedentary lifestyle and loneliness in the elderly, ensuring that they enjoy active ageing by being cautious about the possible chances of them suffering a fall.
